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Learning Objectives
After completing this unit students will be able to:
- Summarize how the Internet got its start and grew to its current state
- Identify common protocols and why they are important for the Internet
- Describe the difference between the Internet and the Web
- Justify the pros and cons of sending data over different mediums
- Explain the relationship between clients (such as everyday users on personal machines) and servers
Suggested Reading
- Blown to Bits, Chapter 7 – You Can’t Say that on the Internet. pp 229-257
- Blown to Bits, Chapter 8 – Bits in the Air. pp 259-294
- Blown to Bits, Appendix – The Internet as System and Spirit. pp 301-316
- Nine Algorithms that Changed the Future, Chapter 2 – Search Engine Indexing. pp 13-22
- Nine Algorithms that Changed the Future, Chapter 3 – PageRank. pp 23-31
- Nine Algorithms that Changed the Future, Chapter 5 – Error-Correcting Codes:Mistakes that Fix Themselves. pp 60-79
Important Videos
- Computer Networks: Crash Course Computer Science #28
- The Internet: Crash Course Computer Science #29
- What is the Internet?
- History of the Internet
- Who Invented the Internet?
- Thin underwater cables hold the internet. See a map of them all
- Internet – Submarine Cables
- Copper wire vs. Fiber Optic
- Radio Waves
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Bill Nye on Wave
- Web vs. Internet
- The Internet IP Addresses & DNS
- The Internet Packets, Routing & Reliability
- TCP/IP
- TCP vs UDP Comparison
- How a DNS Server (Domain Name System) works
- Hub, Switch, & Router Explained – What’s the difference?
Important Vocab
- ARPANET – the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, the first network to use TCP/IP
- Bandwidth – the amount of resources available to transmit data
- Client –any computer that requests a service
- Cloud computing – using a remote server to store files
- Datagrams – Similar to packets, used in unreliable protocols such as UDP
- DNS – Domain Name System, one of the smaller networks that make up the Internet. It contains many servers that act like phone books
- Domain Name – a name given or linked to an IP address
- Fault-Tolerant – a property of IP. If there is an error, it still works properly
- FTP – File Transfer Protocol, used for transferring files between a client and a server
- HTML – Hyper Text Markup Language, the standard markup language for creating web pages
- HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, used for websites
- HTTPS – a secure version of HTTP that uses SSL/TLS
- IMAP – Internet Message Access Protocol, used for email
- Internet – a network of smaller networks connected using specific sets of rules that computers use to communicate with each other
- Internet Protocol Suite –Often referred to as TCP/IP, the four abstract layers in the DoD Model of the Internet
- IP –Internet protocol, a set of rules for sending packets over the Internet
- IP Address – a unique identifier for every device on the Internet
- IPv4 – the version of IP that uses 32-bit addresses
- IPv6 – the version of IP that uses 128-bit addresses
- ISP – Internet Service Provider
- Latency – the amount of delay when sending digital data over the Internet or the round-trip time information takes to get from the client to the server and back
- MAC (media access control) Address – a unique, physical address that is stored in the computer’s ROM
- Modem – a device that handles both the modulation and the demodulation of signals
- Name Server – a server that contains many IP addresses and their matching domain names
- Network – a group of computers that are connected so they can share resources using a data link
- Packets – small chunks of data used in TCP/IP
- POP – Post Office Protocol, used for email
- Protocol – a specific set of rules
- Reliable – a protocol that lets the client know if the server received all sent packets
- Root Name Server – one of thirteen servers that contain every IP address and its matching domain name
- Router – a networking device that routes Internet traffic to the destination
- Second-Level Domain – the second highest level in the DNS hierarchy, found directly to the left of the top-level domain in a domain name
- Server – any computer that provides a service
- SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- Subdomain – precedes the domain name, owned by the domain https://subdomain.domain.com
- TCP – Transmission Control Protocol, a set of rules for breaking down requests into smaller, more manageable, numbered packets
- Top-Level Domain – the highest level in the DNS hierarchy, found to the right of the final period in a domain name
- UDP – User Datagram Protocol, like TCP and usually used for streaming media
- URL – Uniform Resource Locator, specifies where to find a file on a domain
- VoIP – Voice over Internet Protocol, used for telephony
- Web (World Wide Web) – the part of the Internet that uses HTTP and HTTPS
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